Editing Absalom Jones

'''Absalom Jones''' (1746-1818) was a Philadelphia religious leader who became the first African American priest ordained in the Episcopal Church, his establishment of St. Thomas African Episcopal Church creating an institution that served Black Philadelphia for generations. Born into slavery in Delaware, Jones purchased first his wife's freedom and then his own before rising to religious leadership that demonstrated what enslaved people could achieve when emancipation allowed their abilities to flourish. His partnership with Richard Allen in establishing independent Black churches, and his service during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, established him among Philadelphia's most significant early African American leaders.<ref name="douglass">{{cite book |last=Douglass |first=William |title=Annals of the First African Church in the United States of America |year=1862 |publisher=King & Baird |location=Philadelphia}}</ref>

== From Slavery to Freedom ==

Absalom Jones was born into slavery on November 6, 1746, in Sussex County, Delaware, brought to Philadelphia as a household slave when his master relocated. His determination to achieve literacy, acquiring spelling books and learning to read against the prohibitions that slavery imposed, demonstrated abilities that bondage could not entirely contain. His work in his master's store, and his entrepreneurial efforts during hours he could call his own, allowed him to accumulate the funds that freedom required.<ref name="nash">{{cite book |last=Nash |first=Gary B. |title=Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720-1840 |year=1988 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge}}</ref>

His purchase of his wife Mary's freedom in 1770 demonstrated priorities that placed family before self, his own freedom not achieved until 1784 when he was nearly forty years old. The decades of saving that these purchases required showed determination that obstacles could not diminish. His transition to freedom in Philadelphia, with its relatively large free Black community, provided opportunities that other locations could not match.<ref name="douglass"/>

His religious involvement at St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church, where he and Richard Allen served as lay preachers to Black congregants, established the partnership that would create independent Black churches. The incident in 1787 when white trustees pulled them and other Black worshipers from their knees during prayer precipitated withdrawal that led to separate institutional development. While Allen remained committed to Methodism, Jones pursued Episcopal affiliation that his congregation preferred.<ref name="nash"/>

== Founding St. Thomas ==

Jones established St. Thomas African Episcopal Church in 1794, the first Black Episcopal congregation in America. His pursuit of Episcopal orders—he was ordained deacon in 1795 and priest in 1802—made him the first African American priest in that denomination. The church he founded provided spiritual home for Black Philadelphians who preferred Episcopal worship while establishing institutional independence that Methodist affiliation might have compromised.<ref name="douglass"/>

His leadership during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, alongside Allen, demonstrated service that racism would soon ignore or slander. When white Philadelphians fled the city and medical authorities could not contain the disease, Jones and Allen organized Black citizens to nurse the sick, remove the dead, and maintain services that would otherwise have collapsed. Their published response to subsequent accusations—that Black nurses had profiteered or been negligent—defended their community's honor against lies that served racist purposes.<ref name="nash"/>

His pastoral work at St. Thomas continued until his death, his leadership establishing the congregation as center of Black Philadelphia's religious and civic life. His sermons, some published during his lifetime, addressed both spiritual and social concerns, his opposition to slavery consistent with his own experience of bondage. The petition he led to Congress in 1800, opposing the slave trade and seeking gradual emancipation, demonstrated willingness to engage political authority despite the limitations that racism imposed.<ref name="douglass"/>

== Legacy ==

Absalom Jones died on February 13, 1818, his leadership having established institutions and precedents that served subsequent generations. St. Thomas African Episcopal Church, though later relocated, continues as active congregation that honors his founding. His feast day, February 13, is celebrated in the Episcopal Church's liturgical calendar, recognition that his denomination eventually provided to its pioneering Black priest. Jones represents what enslaved people could achieve when freedom and opportunity aligned, his Philadelphia career demonstrating abilities that bondage had suppressed but could not destroy.<ref name="nash"/>

== See Also ==
* [[St. Thomas African Episcopal Church]]
* [[Richard Allen]]
* [[Free African Society]]
* [[Philadelphia African American History]]

== References ==
<references />

{{#seo:
|title=Absalom Jones - First Black Episcopal Priest
|description=Absalom Jones was the first African American priest ordained in the Episcopal Church, founding St. Thomas African Episcopal Church in Philadelphia.
|keywords=Absalom Jones, Episcopal Church, St. Thomas Church, Philadelphia, African American history, yellow fever, Free African Society
|type=Article
}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Civil Rights Leaders]]
[[Category:Religious Leaders]]
[[Category:African Americans]]
[[Category:18th Century]]