Editing Edmund Bacon

{{Infobox Person
| name = Edmund Bacon
| image =
| image_caption = Edmund Bacon
| birth_date = May 2, 1910
| birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| death_date = October 14, 2005
| death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| occupation = Urban planner, architect
| notable_works = Penn Center, Society Hill, Market East
| awards = Time magazine cover (1964)
| education = Cornell University, Cranbrook Academy
}}

'''Edmund Bacon''' (1910-2005) was [[Philadelphia]]'s most influential '''urban planner''' of the 20th century, serving as executive director of the '''Philadelphia City Planning Commission''' from 1949 to 1970. His ambitious vision transformed post-war Philadelphia through projects like '''Penn Center''', '''Society Hill''' restoration, '''Market East''', and the '''Independence Mall''' expansion. Featured on the cover of '''Time magazine''' in 1964 as a symbol of urban renewal, Bacon shaped modern Philadelphia more than any individual since William Penn. While some of his urban renewal projects later drew criticism for displacing communities, his work on Society Hill became a model for historic preservation nationwide.<ref name="bacon-design">{{cite book |title=Design of Cities |author=Edmund Bacon |year=1967 |publisher=Viking Press}}</ref>

== Early Life ==

=== Philadelphia Roots ===

'''Background:'''
* Born May 2, 1910, in Philadelphia
* Old Philadelphia family
* Great-great-grandson of a founder of Girard College
* Father Kevin Bacon, actor, is his son

=== Education ===

'''Training:'''
* Cornell University (architecture)
* Cranbrook Academy of Art
* Studied in Europe
* Influenced by modernist planning

== Career ==

=== Early Work ===

'''Formative projects:'''
* Flint, Michigan planning work
* Philadelphia Housing Association
* Returned to Philadelphia (1940)
* Joined City Planning Commission (1949)

=== Executive Director (1949-1970) ===

'''Peak influence:'''
* Led City Planning Commission 21 years
* Unprecedented power and vision
* Federal urban renewal funds
* Comprehensive replanning of center city

== Major Projects ==

=== Penn Center ===

'''Urban renewal landmark:'''
* Replaced Broad Street Station rail yards
* First major urban renewal in Philadelphia
* Underground concourse
* Modern office towers
* Controversial demolition of grand station

=== Society Hill ===

'''Historic preservation triumph:'''
* Restored 18th-century neighborhood
* Removed wholesale food markets
* I.M. Pei towers as "bookends"
* Model for urban preservation nationwide
* Bacon's greatest success

=== Independence Mall ===

'''Civic expansion:'''
* Extended Mall north of Independence Hall
* Created national park setting
* Controversial demolitions
* National Constitution Center site

=== Market East ===

'''Downtown retail:'''
* Gallery at Market East
* Reading Terminal preservation
* Underground transit connections
* Mixed legacy

=== Crosstown Expressway (Defeated) ===

'''What he stopped:'''
* Opposed South Street expressway
* Highway would have destroyed neighborhoods
* Community opposition
* Bacon eventually joined opposition

== Planning Philosophy ==

=== Design of Cities ===

'''1967 book:'''
* Influential planning text
* Historical analysis of great cities
* Vision for Philadelphia
* Still read today

=== Movement Systems ===

'''Key concept:'''
* Urban design based on movement
* Pedestrian networks
* Transit integration
* Visual connections

=== Historic Preservation ===

'''Society Hill approach:'''
* Save historic fabric
* Infill modern architecture sensitively
* Create coherent district
* Public investment attracts private

== Criticism ==

=== Urban Renewal Controversies ===

'''Negative impacts:'''
* Displacement of communities
* Loss of historic buildings
* "Negro removal" criticisms
* Heavy-handed approach

=== Penn Center ===

'''Mixed legacy:'''
* Demolished Broad Street Station
* Generic modernist architecture
* Less vibrant than hoped
* Critics call it sterile

== Recognition ==

=== Time Magazine Cover (1964) ===

'''National attention:'''
* Cover story on urban planning
* Symbol of urban renewal era
* Height of influence
* National spokesman for cities

=== Legacy ===

'''Lasting impact:'''
* Shaped modern Philadelphia
* Society Hill a success
* Penn Center a mixed result
* Influenced generation of planners

== Later Life ==

=== Post-Planning Career ===

'''After 1970:'''
* Private practice
* Teaching
* Writing and lecturing
* Advocacy

=== Kevin Bacon ===

'''Famous son:'''
* Actor Kevin Bacon is his son
* Edmund lived to see son's fame
* Family remained in Philadelphia area

=== Death ===

'''Final years:'''
* Died October 14, 2005
* Age 95
* Philadelphia

== See Also ==
* [[Penn Center]]
* [[Society Hill]]
* [[Philadelphia City Planning Commission]]
* [[Urban Renewal in Philadelphia]]

== References ==
<references />

{{#seo:
|title=Edmund Bacon - Urban Planner Who Shaped Modern Philadelphia
|description=Edmund Bacon, Philadelphia's legendary urban planner who designed Penn Center, restored Society Hill, and shaped the modern city as Planning Commission director 1949-1970.
|keywords=Edmund Bacon, Philadelphia urban planning, Penn Center, Society Hill, city planning, urban renewal, Philadelphia architect
|type=Article
}}

[[Category:Architecture]]
[[Category:Urban Planning]]
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Government]]