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'''Washington Square''' is one of [[William Penn]]'s original five public squares in [[Philadelphia]] and one of the most historically significant parks in America. Located in the [[Society Hill]] neighborhood near [[Independence Hall]], the square served as a burial ground during the Revolutionary War and is now home to the '''Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier'''.<ref name="nps">{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/inde/learn/historyculture/places-washingtonsquare.htm |title=Washington Square |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=December 30, 2025}}</ref>
'''Washington Square''' is one of [[William Penn]]'s original five public squares in [[Philadelphia]]. It's among the most historically significant parks in America. Located in the [[Society Hill]] neighborhood near [[Independence Hall]], the square served as a burial ground during the Revolutionary War and now houses the '''Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier'''.<ref name="nps">{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/inde/learn/historyculture/places-washingtonsquare.htm |title=Washington Square |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=December 30, 2025}}</ref>


The square provides a peaceful retreat from the bustling historic district and serves as a memorial to the thousands of soldiers and citizens buried beneath its lawns.
It's a quiet refuge from the hustle of the historic district. Thousands of soldiers and citizens lie beneath its lawns.


== History ==
== History ==
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=== Colonial Era ===
=== Colonial Era ===


Originally called "Southeast Square" in Penn's 1682 plan, the area was used as a public commons, pasture, and potter's field (burial ground for the poor and unknown).
Penn's 1682 plan called it "Southeast Square." The land served as commons, pasture, and potter's field. A burial ground for the poor and unknown.


=== Revolutionary War ===
=== Revolutionary War ===


During the British occupation of Philadelphia (1777-1778), the square became a mass burial ground for:
When the British occupied Philadelphia from 1777 to 1778, the square became something darker. A mass burial ground. American soldiers who died in captivity were buried here. Disease victims too. Poor and unidentified citizens.
* American soldiers who died as prisoners of war
* Victims of disease epidemics
* Poor and unidentified citizens


Historians estimate that '''2,000-3,000 people''' are buried in Washington Square, though no markers identify individual graves.
Historians figure '''2,000 to 3,000 people''' rest in Washington Square. But there's no way to tell where.


=== 19th Century ===
=== 19th Century ===


The square was renamed for George Washington in 1825 and transformed from a burial ground into a proper park. Wealthy families built homes around the square, and it became one of the city's most fashionable addresses.
In 1825, the square was renamed for [https://biography.wiki/g/George_Washington George Washington]. It transformed from burial ground into a proper park. Wealthy families built townhouses around it, and soon it was one of Philadelphia's most desirable neighborhoods.


=== 20th Century ===
=== 20th Century ===


In 1954, the '''Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier''' was dedicated, designed as a memorial to the unmarked graves beneath the square. The eternal flame and Washington statue were added as the centerpiece.
The '''Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier''' was dedicated in 1954. It memorializes the unmarked graves beneath the square. An eternal flame and Washington statue became the centerpiece.


== The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier ==
== The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier ==


The memorial at the center of Washington Square honors the unknown soldiers of the Revolutionary War:
The memorial at Washington Square's center honors the unknown soldiers of the Revolution:


=== Features ===
=== Features ===


* '''Eternal Flame''' — Burns continuously
* '''Eternal Flame''' — Burns day and night
* '''Statue of George Washington''' — Bronze sculpture by Jean-Antoine Houdon
* '''Statue of [https://biography.wiki/a/George_Washington George Washington]''' — Bronze work by Jean-Antoine Houdon
* '''Inscription:''' "Freedom is a light for which many men have died in darkness"
* '''Inscription:''' "Freedom is a light for which many men have died in darkness"
* '''Wreath-laying ceremonies''' — Held on patriotic holidays
* '''Wreath-laying ceremonies''' — Held on patriotic holidays
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=== Significance ===
=== Significance ===


While Arlington National Cemetery's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier honors 20th and 21st-century conflicts, Washington Square's tomb is the only monument specifically dedicated to unknown soldiers of the American Revolution.
Arlington National Cemetery has its Tomb of the Unknown Soldier for 20th and 21st-century conflicts. Washington Square's tomb is different. It's the only monument specifically dedicated to unknown soldiers from the American Revolution.


== The Square Today ==
== The Square Today ==
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=== Atmosphere ===
=== Atmosphere ===


Washington Square offers a quieter, more contemplative atmosphere than [[Rittenhouse Square]]:
This place feels different from [[Rittenhouse Square]]. Quieter. More contemplative. Office workers grab lunch here. People walk their dogs. It's good for reading and thinking about history.
* Popular lunch spot for nearby office workers
* Dog walking area
* Reading and relaxation
* Historic reflection


=== Surrounding Area ===
=== Surrounding Area ===


The square is bordered by:
The square sits at the intersection of:
* '''Walnut Street''' (north)
* '''Walnut Street''' (north)
* '''6th Street''' (east)
* '''6th Street''' (east)
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* '''Washington Square West''' neighborhood
* '''Washington Square West''' neighborhood


Notable nearby sites:
You'll find these nearby:
* '''Athenaeum of Philadelphia''' — Historic library
* '''Athenaeum of Philadelphia''' — Historic library
* '''Curtis Center''' — Historic publishing building
* '''Curtis Center''' — Historic publishing building
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'''By Car:'''
'''By Car:'''
* Street parking limited; use nearby garages
* Street parking is tight; nearby garages work better
* Independence Mall parking facilities
* Independence Mall parking facilities


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* Combine with a visit to Independence Hall
* Combine with a visit to Independence Hall
* The eternal flame is best seen at dusk
* The eternal flame looks best at dusk
* The square is lovely in spring with flowering trees
* The square's lovely in spring when the trees bloom
* A quiet alternative to busier tourist sites
* It's a quieter option than busier tourist sites


== See Also ==
== See Also ==

Latest revision as of 01:50, 24 April 2026

Washington Square
Type Urban square / Historic park
Location Center City, Philadelphia
Coordinates 39.9469,-75.1524
Area 6.4 acres
Established 1683 (planned); 1825 (named)
Operated by National Park Service / Philadelphia Parks & Recreation
Features Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, historic graves, walking paths
Transit SEPTA bus routes; Independence Hall area
Website Official Site

Washington Square is one of William Penn's original five public squares in Philadelphia. It's among the most historically significant parks in America. Located in the Society Hill neighborhood near Independence Hall, the square served as a burial ground during the Revolutionary War and now houses the Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier.[1]

It's a quiet refuge from the hustle of the historic district. Thousands of soldiers and citizens lie beneath its lawns.

History

Colonial Era

Penn's 1682 plan called it "Southeast Square." The land served as commons, pasture, and potter's field. A burial ground for the poor and unknown.

Revolutionary War

When the British occupied Philadelphia from 1777 to 1778, the square became something darker. A mass burial ground. American soldiers who died in captivity were buried here. Disease victims too. Poor and unidentified citizens.

Historians figure 2,000 to 3,000 people rest in Washington Square. But there's no way to tell where.

19th Century

In 1825, the square was renamed for George Washington. It transformed from burial ground into a proper park. Wealthy families built townhouses around it, and soon it was one of Philadelphia's most desirable neighborhoods.

20th Century

The Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier was dedicated in 1954. It memorializes the unmarked graves beneath the square. An eternal flame and Washington statue became the centerpiece.

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

The memorial at Washington Square's center honors the unknown soldiers of the Revolution:

Features

  • Eternal Flame — Burns day and night
  • Statue of George Washington — Bronze work by Jean-Antoine Houdon
  • Inscription: "Freedom is a light for which many men have died in darkness"
  • Wreath-laying ceremonies — Held on patriotic holidays

Significance

Arlington National Cemetery has its Tomb of the Unknown Soldier for 20th and 21st-century conflicts. Washington Square's tomb is different. It's the only monument specifically dedicated to unknown soldiers from the American Revolution.

The Square Today

Layout

  • Diagonal walking paths crossing the square
  • Central memorial area
  • Mature shade trees
  • Benches throughout
  • Lawn areas (sitting permitted)

Atmosphere

This place feels different from Rittenhouse Square. Quieter. More contemplative. Office workers grab lunch here. People walk their dogs. It's good for reading and thinking about history.

Surrounding Area

The square sits at the intersection of:

  • Walnut Street (north)
  • 6th Street (east)
  • Locust Street (south)
  • Washington Square West neighborhood

You'll find these nearby:

  • Athenaeum of Philadelphia — Historic library
  • Curtis Center — Historic publishing building
  • Independence Hall — Two blocks east
  • Society Hill — Historic residential neighborhood

Events

  • Memorial Day ceremony — Wreath laying at the tomb
  • Independence Day — Patriotic observances
  • Veterans Day — Commemorative events

Visiting

Getting There

Location: Bounded by Walnut, Locust, 6th, and Washington Square West

By Public Transit:

  • Walk from Independence Hall area
  • SEPTA buses serve Walnut and Chestnut Streets
  • Market-Frankford Line: 5th Street Station

By Car:

  • Street parking is tight; nearby garages work better
  • Independence Mall parking facilities

Tips

  • Combine with a visit to Independence Hall
  • The eternal flame looks best at dusk
  • The square's lovely in spring when the trees bloom
  • It's a quieter option than busier tourist sites

See Also

References

  1. "Washington Square". National Park Service. Retrieved December 30, 2025

External Links