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The '''Liberty Bell''' is an iconic symbol of American independence located at the Liberty Bell Center in Philadelphia's Independence National Historical Park. Originally cast in 1752 for the Pennsylvania State House (now [[Independence Hall]]), the bell is famous for its distinctive crack and its inscription from Leviticus 25:10: "Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." Though its role in the events of July 4, 1776, is largely legendary, the Liberty Bell became a powerful symbol of freedom during the 19th century, adopted by abolitionists, suffragists, and civil rights advocates as an emblem of the ongoing struggle for liberty. Today, the Liberty Bell is one of the most visited attractions in Philadelphia, drawing over two million visitors annually to view it free of charge.<ref name="nash">{{cite book |last=Nash |first=Gary B. |title=The Liberty Bell |year=2010 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven}}</ref>
The '''Liberty Bell''' is an iconic symbol of American independence located at the Liberty Bell Center in [[Independence National Historical Park]], [[Philadelphia]]. Originally commissioned to hang in the Pennsylvania State House (now [[Independence Hall]]), the bell is famous for the large crack running through it and the inscription "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof" from the Book of Leviticus. The Liberty Bell has become one of the most recognized symbols of freedom in the world and is Philadelphia's most visited attraction, drawing over 2 million visitors annually.<ref name="nps-bell">{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/inde/learn/historyculture/stories-libertybell.htm |title=The Liberty Bell |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=December 22, 2025}}</ref>


== Origins and Casting ==
Admission to see the Liberty Bell is '''free'''. The bell is housed in the Liberty Bell Center, a glass-walled pavilion on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets, directly across from Independence Hall. Visitors can view the bell up close and learn about its history through exhibits in the center.


The Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly ordered the bell in 1751 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of William Penn's 1701 Charter of Privileges, which granted religious freedom and democratic self-governance to the colonists. The Assembly commissioned the bell from the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London, specifying that it should weigh approximately 2,000 pounds and be inscribed with the biblical verse from Leviticus. The choice of inscription reflected the Quaker values that had shaped Pennsylvania's founding—the verse refers to the Jewish jubilee year, when slaves were freed and debts forgiven, an appropriate sentiment for a colony founded on principles of liberty and tolerance.<ref name="kimball">{{cite book |last=Kimball |first=David A. |title=Venerate the Plough: A History of the Liberty Bell |year=1989 |publisher=Eastern National |location=Fort Washington, PA}}</ref>
== History ==


The bell arrived in Philadelphia in August 1752, but disaster struck almost immediately: when workers attempted to test the bell, it cracked. Rather than return the defective bell to England, the Assembly commissioned two Philadelphia metalworkers, John Pass and John Stow, to recast it. Pass and Stow melted down the original bell and added additional copper to the alloy, hoping to make it less brittle. Their first attempt produced a bell with an unsatisfactory tone, leading to public ridicule. They recast it a second time, finally producing a bell that, while not perfect in sound, was deemed acceptable. This third version, bearing the inscription "Pass and Stow / Philada / MDCCLIII" (1753), is the Liberty Bell that survives today.<ref name="nash"/>
=== Origins ===


== Colonial and Revolutionary Era ==
The Liberty Bell was commissioned in '''1751''' by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly to hang in the new State House (now [[Independence Hall]]). The Assembly ordered the bell from the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London, one of England's most respected bell makers.


The bell hung in the State House steeple and served practical purposes throughout the colonial period, summoning legislators to meetings, marking significant events, and alerting citizens to public announcements. It rang for royal proclamations, for the opening of markets, and for community gatherings. There is no contemporary evidence that the bell rang on July 4, 1776, when the Continental Congress voted to approve the Declaration of Independence—that story emerged decades later and may be apocryphal. However, the bell almost certainly rang on July 8, 1776, when the Declaration was first read publicly in the State House yard, along with all the other church bells in the city that joined in celebration.<ref name="mires">{{cite book |last=Mires |first=Charlene |title=Independence Hall in American Memory |year=2002 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia}}</ref>
The bell arrived in Philadelphia in '''1752''' and was inscribed with the biblical verse from Leviticus 25:10: "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." This verse was chosen to commemorate the 50th anniversary of William Penn's 1701 Charter of Privileges, which granted religious freedom and democratic governance to Pennsylvania's colonists.<ref name="ushistory">{{cite web |url=https://www.ushistory.org/libertybell/index.html |title=The Liberty Bell |publisher=Independence Hall Association |access-date=December 22, 2025}}</ref>


During the British occupation of Philadelphia in 1777-1778, the bell was removed from the State House to prevent it from being melted down for cannon. Along with other Philadelphia bells, it was hidden in the basement of Zion Reformed Church in Allentown, Pennsylvania, until the British evacuated. The bell returned to Philadelphia and resumed its place in the State House tower, continuing to ring for significant occasions including the deaths of prominent figures, the anniversaries of independence, and visits by distinguished guests. Throughout this period, the bell was simply the State House Bell—it would not acquire the name "Liberty Bell" until the 1830s.<ref name="nash"/>
=== The First Crack ===


== The Famous Crack ==
When the bell was first tested in Philadelphia in '''March 1753''', it cracked on the first stroke. Local metalworkers '''John Pass''' and '''John Stow''' were hired to recast the bell. They melted it down and recast it with additional copper to make it less brittle.


The Liberty Bell's distinctive crack developed gradually over decades of use, with the final, irreparable fracture occurring sometime in the early 19th century. Various accounts attribute the crack to ringing for the funeral of Chief Justice John Marshall in 1835 or to celebrations of George Washington's birthday in 1846, but the true cause and date remain uncertain. The crack likely resulted from metallurgical flaws in the original casting, perhaps exacerbated by the recasting process. Whatever its origin, the crack ultimately rendered the bell unringable; attempts to repair it by drilling out the crack to prevent further spreading proved unsuccessful, and the bell was retired from regular use by 1846.<ref name="kimball"/>
The recast bell was hung in the State House steeple in '''June 1753'''. Pass and Stow's names and the date "MDCCLIII" (1753) are cast into the bell, along with the original inscription.


Paradoxically, the crack has become central to the Liberty Bell's symbolic power. The damaged bell represents not only the founding ideals of American independence but also the imperfection and ongoing work of realizing those ideals. Abolitionists in the 1830s adopted the bell as a symbol, calling it the "Liberty Bell" in an 1835 pamphlet and pointing to its inscription as a condemnation of slavery. The crack could be read as representing the flawed promise of liberty—proclaimed for all but extended only to some. This reinterpretation transformed the bell from a local relic into a national symbol of the struggle for freedom, a meaning that has only deepened over time.<ref name="nash"/>
=== Revolutionary Era ===


== Symbol of Freedom Movements ==
During the Revolutionary War, the bell was used to summon citizens and legislators to public meetings and announcements. It rang to mark significant events, including:


The Liberty Bell's status as a symbol of freedom made it a powerful icon for successive movements seeking to expand American liberty. Abolitionists, as noted, were the first to adopt the bell, using its inscription to argue that the founders' principles demanded the end of slavery. After emancipation, the bell was claimed by women's suffrage activists, who noted that "liberty" had not yet been proclaimed to female inhabitants of the land. Suffragists created a replica, the "Justice Bell," which toured the country in a campaign for voting rights, remaining silent until the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920.<ref name="nash"/>
* Reading of the Declaration of Independence (July 8, 1776)
* Battles and victories during the Revolutionary War
* Deaths of prominent figures
* Proclamations and public gatherings


The Liberty Bell traveled extensively in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, appearing at world's fairs and expositions across the country. These journeys helped cement the bell's status as a national rather than merely local symbol, allowing millions of Americans to see it in person. However, the travel also caused further damage, and after returning from the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, the bell was permanently retired from travel. It remained in Independence Hall until 1976, when it was moved to a pavilion nearby, and then to the current Liberty Bell Center in 2003.<ref name="nps">{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/inde/learn/historyculture/stories-libertybell.htm |title=Liberty Bell |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=December 29, 2025}}</ref>
When British forces approached Philadelphia in '''1777''', the bell was removed and hidden in Allentown, Pennsylvania, beneath the floorboards of Zion Reformed Church to prevent British soldiers from melting it for ammunition. It was returned to Philadelphia in 1778 after the British evacuation.


== The Liberty Bell Center ==
=== The Famous Crack ===


The Liberty Bell is currently displayed in the Liberty Bell Center, a glass-walled pavilion on Chestnut Street directly across from Independence Hall. The center, designed by architects Bohlin Cywinski Jackson and opened in 2003, allows visitors to view the bell from multiple angles while also presenting exhibits on its history and symbolism. The pavilion's transparent design allows views of Independence Hall beyond the bell, connecting the symbol to the building where the ideals it represents were first articulated. The bell rests in a climate-controlled environment designed to minimize further deterioration of the fragile artifact.<ref name="nps"/>
The origins of the Liberty Bell's famous crack are somewhat uncertain. Historical records suggest the bell developed a thin crack sometime in the early 19th century.


Visiting the Liberty Bell is free and does not require tickets, though security screening is required before entry. During peak periods, lines to enter the Liberty Bell Center can be substantial, and visitors are advised to arrive early in the day or late in the afternoon. The center is open daily except Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. For those unable to visit in person, the National Park Service provides virtual tours and extensive online resources about the bell's history. Despite the crowds, viewing the Liberty Bell remains a moving experience for many visitors, a tangible connection to the founding ideals of the nation.<ref name="nps"/>
The crack became unmistakable in '''February 1846''' when the bell was rung to celebrate George Washington's birthday. The crack widened significantly during the ringing, rendering the bell unringable. Attempts to repair the crack by drilling along its length to prevent further spread were unsuccessful.


== Physical Characteristics ==
The bell has not been rung since 1846, though it is occasionally tapped for ceremonial purposes.


The Liberty Bell weighs approximately 2,080 pounds and measures 12 feet in circumference at the lip. The bell is composed of approximately 70% copper, 25% tin, and small amounts of lead, zinc, arsenic, gold, and silver—a typical bronze alloy for bells of the period. The famous crack extends from the crown nearly to the lip, a zigzag fracture that has been widened by drilling in failed repair attempts. The clapper, the internal striker that produced the bell's sound, remains in place but is secured to prevent accidental ringing that could cause further damage.<ref name="kimball"/>
=== Symbol of Freedom ===


The inscription on the bell includes not only the Leviticus verse but also the words "By Order of the Assembly of the Province of Pensylvania for the State House in Philada" and the foundry marks of Pass and Stow. The spelling "Pensylvania" with one 'n' was common in the 18th century and does not represent an error. Visitors often photograph the bell from the side that displays the crack most prominently, though the inscription is best viewed from the opposite side. The bell's green patina, developed over centuries of exposure, gives it a distinctive appearance quite different from its original golden-bronze color.<ref name="nash"/>
The bell was not widely known as the "Liberty Bell" until the '''1830s''', when abolitionists adopted it as a symbol of their movement. The inscription about proclaiming liberty "unto all the inhabitants" resonated with those fighting to end slavery.
 
The name "Liberty Bell" first appeared in an 1835 anti-slavery publication. Abolitionists used the bell's image in pamphlets and publications, transforming it from a local historical artifact into a national symbol of freedom.
 
Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the bell traveled across the country by train for exhibitions, further cementing its status as a national icon. These tours ended in 1915 due to concerns about damage from travel.
 
== Visiting the Liberty Bell ==
 
=== Admission and Tickets ===
 
'''Admission is free.''' No tickets are required during most times. However, during peak season (generally March through December), timed entry tickets may be required to manage crowds.
 
'''Timed Entry Tickets:'''
* Free tickets can be reserved online through the National Park Service website
* Same-day tickets may be available at the Independence Visitor Center
* Tickets are not required during low-visitation periods
 
We recommend arriving early, especially during summer months and holiday weekends, to avoid long lines.
 
=== Hours of Operation ===
 
The Liberty Bell Center is open daily with seasonal hours:<ref name="nps-hours">{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/inde/planyourvisit/hours.htm |title=Operating Hours & Seasons |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=December 22, 2025}}</ref>
 
'''Standard Hours:'''
* 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM daily
 
'''Extended Summer Hours (Memorial Day through Labor Day):'''
* 9:00 AM to 7:00 PM daily
 
The Liberty Bell Center is closed on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day.
 
=== Security Screening ===
 
All visitors must pass through a security screening before entering the Liberty Bell Center. This includes:
* Walking through a metal detector
* Having bags screened by X-ray
 
The security checkpoint is located at the entrance on Chestnut Street. During busy periods, security screening can add 15-30 minutes to your visit.
 
=== Location ===
 
'''Liberty Bell Center'''
526 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106
 
The Liberty Bell Center is located on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets, directly across from [[Independence Hall]] in [[Old City, Philadelphia|Old City]].
 
The glass-walled building allows views of both the Liberty Bell inside and Independence Hall behind it, creating an iconic photo opportunity.
 
== What to See ==
 
=== The Bell ===
 
Visitors can view the Liberty Bell up close inside the climate-controlled Liberty Bell Center. The bell sits on a special mount that allows viewing from all angles.
 
'''Bell Statistics:'''
* Weight: 2,080 pounds
* Circumference: 12 feet at the lip
* Height: 3 feet from lip to crown
* Composition: Copper (70%), tin (25%), and trace amounts of lead, zinc, arsenic, gold, and silver
* Inscription: "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants Thereof"
 
=== Exhibits ===
 
The Liberty Bell Center includes exhibits documenting:
 
* The bell's creation and early history
* Its role in the Revolutionary era
* The adoption by abolitionists and civil rights movements
* The bell's travels across America
* Stories of people who have been inspired by the bell
 
The exhibits are designed to take 15-30 minutes to view before reaching the bell itself.
 
=== Photography ===
 
Photography is permitted inside the Liberty Bell Center. The glass walls and interior lighting are designed to facilitate good photographs of the bell with Independence Hall visible in the background.
 
Tripods are generally not permitted during peak hours.
 
== Getting There ==
 
=== Public Transit ===
 
The Liberty Bell Center is easily accessible by [[SEPTA]] public transit:
 
'''Subway'''
* '''Market-Frankford Line (The L):''' 5th Street/Independence Hall Station (directly adjacent)
* '''Broad Street Line (The B):''' City Hall Station, then transfer to MFL
 
'''Bus Routes'''
* SEPTA bus routes 17, 21, 33, 38, 42, 44, and 48 stop nearby
 
'''Regional Rail'''
* Jefferson Station (4 blocks north)
* Suburban Station (6 blocks west)
 
=== Parking ===
 
Limited parking is available in the Independence Mall area:
 
* '''Independence Visitor Center Parking''' - Autopark at Independence Mall, 6th Street between Race and Arch
* '''On-street metered parking''' - Very limited, 2-hour maximum
* '''Private garages''' - Several within walking distance
 
Public transit is strongly recommended. The area is highly walkable from Center City hotels.
 
=== Independence Visitor Center ===
 
Stop at the '''Independence Visitor Center''' (6th and Market Streets) before visiting the Liberty Bell to:
 
* Pick up free timed-entry tickets if required
* Get maps and information about Independence National Historical Park
* Watch the orientation film about Independence Hall
* Use restrooms and purchase refreshments
 
The Visitor Center is open daily from 8:30 AM to 6:00 PM (extended hours in summer).
 
== Nearby Attractions ==
 
The Liberty Bell is located within Independence National Historical Park, which includes several other significant sites within walking distance:
 
* '''[[Independence Hall]]''' - Where the Declaration of Independence and Constitution were signed (directly across the street)
* '''Congress Hall''' - Where Congress met from 1790-1800
* '''Old City Hall''' - Home of the Supreme Court 1791-1800
* '''Carpenters' Hall''' - Site of the First Continental Congress
* '''Benjamin Franklin's Grave''' - Christ Church Burial Ground (2 blocks)
* '''Betsy Ross House''' - Historic home (4 blocks)
* '''National Constitution Center''' - Interactive museum (3 blocks)
* '''Museum of the American Revolution''' - Revolutionary War history (2 blocks)
 
We recommend allowing at least half a day to explore the Independence Mall area.
 
== Tips for Visiting ==
 
=== Best Times to Visit ===
 
* '''Weekday mornings''' - Shortest lines, typically
* '''Off-season (January-February)''' - Fewer crowds
* '''Early morning''' - Lines are shortest right when doors open
 
=== Avoiding Crowds ===
 
* Reserve timed-entry tickets online in advance during peak season
* Arrive at opening time
* Visit on weekdays rather than weekends
* Avoid holiday weekends and summer peak season if possible
 
=== Accessibility ===
 
The Liberty Bell Center is fully accessible:
* Wheelchair accessible entrance and viewing areas
* ASL interpretation available with advance notice
* Audio description available
* Large-print materials available
 
== Common Questions ==
 
=== Can you touch the Liberty Bell? ===
 
No. Touching the Liberty Bell is not permitted. The bell is protected by barriers, though visitors can get very close to view it.
 
=== Why did the bell crack? ===
 
The bell cracked due to metal fatigue, likely caused by repeated striking over many years. The composition of the bell (particularly the high copper content) made it prone to cracking. The famous large crack appeared in 1846 when the bell was rung for Washington's Birthday celebration.
 
=== Does the bell still ring? ===
 
The bell is no longer rung due to the crack, which could worsen if the bell vibrated. However, the bell is occasionally tapped gently for ceremonial purposes, such as on Independence Day.
 
=== Is the Liberty Bell the original? ===
 
The current Liberty Bell is technically the '''second''' version. The original bell from London cracked on first testing in 1753. Local metalworkers John Pass and John Stow recast the bell, and that recast version is what we see today.


== See Also ==
== See Also ==
* [[Independence Hall]]
* [[Independence Hall]]
* [[Old City]]
* [[Independence National Historical Park]]
* [[Declaration of Independence]]
* [[Old City, Philadelphia]]
* [[Philadelphia history]]
* [[Benjamin Franklin]]


== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />
== External Links ==
* [https://www.nps.gov/inde/learn/historyculture/stories-libertybell.htm National Park Service - Liberty Bell]
* [https://www.visitphilly.com/things-to-do/attractions/liberty-bell-center/ Visit Philadelphia Guide]
* [https://www.ushistory.org/libertybell/ Independence Hall Association - Liberty Bell]


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|title=Liberty Bell - Iconic Symbol of American Freedom
|title=Liberty Bell - Complete Visitor Guide to Philadelphia's Most Famous Landmark
|description=The Liberty Bell, with its famous crack and biblical inscription, is an iconic symbol of American independence displayed free at the Liberty Bell Center in Philadelphia.
|description=Free admission guide to the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia. Hours, tickets, history of the famous crack, location at Independence Mall, and tips for visiting this American icon.
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[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Revolutionary Era]]
[[Category:Landmarks]]
[[Category:Landmarks]]
[[Category:Symbols]]
[[Category:Historic Sites]]
[[Category:Old City]]
[[Category:Independence National Historical Park]]
[[Category:Attractions]]
[[Category:Free Attractions]]

Latest revision as of 21:04, 30 December 2025

The Liberty Bell is an iconic symbol of American independence located at the Liberty Bell Center in Independence National Historical Park, Philadelphia. Originally commissioned to hang in the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall), the bell is famous for the large crack running through it and the inscription "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof" from the Book of Leviticus. The Liberty Bell has become one of the most recognized symbols of freedom in the world and is Philadelphia's most visited attraction, drawing over 2 million visitors annually.[1]

Admission to see the Liberty Bell is free. The bell is housed in the Liberty Bell Center, a glass-walled pavilion on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets, directly across from Independence Hall. Visitors can view the bell up close and learn about its history through exhibits in the center.

History

[edit | edit source]

Origins

[edit | edit source]

The Liberty Bell was commissioned in 1751 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly to hang in the new State House (now Independence Hall). The Assembly ordered the bell from the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London, one of England's most respected bell makers.

The bell arrived in Philadelphia in 1752 and was inscribed with the biblical verse from Leviticus 25:10: "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." This verse was chosen to commemorate the 50th anniversary of William Penn's 1701 Charter of Privileges, which granted religious freedom and democratic governance to Pennsylvania's colonists.[2]

The First Crack

[edit | edit source]

When the bell was first tested in Philadelphia in March 1753, it cracked on the first stroke. Local metalworkers John Pass and John Stow were hired to recast the bell. They melted it down and recast it with additional copper to make it less brittle.

The recast bell was hung in the State House steeple in June 1753. Pass and Stow's names and the date "MDCCLIII" (1753) are cast into the bell, along with the original inscription.

Revolutionary Era

[edit | edit source]

During the Revolutionary War, the bell was used to summon citizens and legislators to public meetings and announcements. It rang to mark significant events, including:

  • Reading of the Declaration of Independence (July 8, 1776)
  • Battles and victories during the Revolutionary War
  • Deaths of prominent figures
  • Proclamations and public gatherings

When British forces approached Philadelphia in 1777, the bell was removed and hidden in Allentown, Pennsylvania, beneath the floorboards of Zion Reformed Church to prevent British soldiers from melting it for ammunition. It was returned to Philadelphia in 1778 after the British evacuation.

The Famous Crack

[edit | edit source]

The origins of the Liberty Bell's famous crack are somewhat uncertain. Historical records suggest the bell developed a thin crack sometime in the early 19th century.

The crack became unmistakable in February 1846 when the bell was rung to celebrate George Washington's birthday. The crack widened significantly during the ringing, rendering the bell unringable. Attempts to repair the crack by drilling along its length to prevent further spread were unsuccessful.

The bell has not been rung since 1846, though it is occasionally tapped for ceremonial purposes.

Symbol of Freedom

[edit | edit source]

The bell was not widely known as the "Liberty Bell" until the 1830s, when abolitionists adopted it as a symbol of their movement. The inscription about proclaiming liberty "unto all the inhabitants" resonated with those fighting to end slavery.

The name "Liberty Bell" first appeared in an 1835 anti-slavery publication. Abolitionists used the bell's image in pamphlets and publications, transforming it from a local historical artifact into a national symbol of freedom.

Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the bell traveled across the country by train for exhibitions, further cementing its status as a national icon. These tours ended in 1915 due to concerns about damage from travel.

Visiting the Liberty Bell

[edit | edit source]

Admission and Tickets

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Admission is free. No tickets are required during most times. However, during peak season (generally March through December), timed entry tickets may be required to manage crowds.

Timed Entry Tickets:

  • Free tickets can be reserved online through the National Park Service website
  • Same-day tickets may be available at the Independence Visitor Center
  • Tickets are not required during low-visitation periods

We recommend arriving early, especially during summer months and holiday weekends, to avoid long lines.

Hours of Operation

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The Liberty Bell Center is open daily with seasonal hours:[3]

Standard Hours:

  • 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM daily

Extended Summer Hours (Memorial Day through Labor Day):

  • 9:00 AM to 7:00 PM daily

The Liberty Bell Center is closed on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day.

Security Screening

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All visitors must pass through a security screening before entering the Liberty Bell Center. This includes:

  • Walking through a metal detector
  • Having bags screened by X-ray

The security checkpoint is located at the entrance on Chestnut Street. During busy periods, security screening can add 15-30 minutes to your visit.

Location

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Liberty Bell Center 526 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19106

The Liberty Bell Center is located on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets, directly across from Independence Hall in Old City.

The glass-walled building allows views of both the Liberty Bell inside and Independence Hall behind it, creating an iconic photo opportunity.

What to See

[edit | edit source]

The Bell

[edit | edit source]

Visitors can view the Liberty Bell up close inside the climate-controlled Liberty Bell Center. The bell sits on a special mount that allows viewing from all angles.

Bell Statistics:

  • Weight: 2,080 pounds
  • Circumference: 12 feet at the lip
  • Height: 3 feet from lip to crown
  • Composition: Copper (70%), tin (25%), and trace amounts of lead, zinc, arsenic, gold, and silver
  • Inscription: "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants Thereof"

Exhibits

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The Liberty Bell Center includes exhibits documenting:

  • The bell's creation and early history
  • Its role in the Revolutionary era
  • The adoption by abolitionists and civil rights movements
  • The bell's travels across America
  • Stories of people who have been inspired by the bell

The exhibits are designed to take 15-30 minutes to view before reaching the bell itself.

Photography

[edit | edit source]

Photography is permitted inside the Liberty Bell Center. The glass walls and interior lighting are designed to facilitate good photographs of the bell with Independence Hall visible in the background.

Tripods are generally not permitted during peak hours.

Getting There

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Public Transit

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The Liberty Bell Center is easily accessible by SEPTA public transit:

Subway

  • Market-Frankford Line (The L): 5th Street/Independence Hall Station (directly adjacent)
  • Broad Street Line (The B): City Hall Station, then transfer to MFL

Bus Routes

  • SEPTA bus routes 17, 21, 33, 38, 42, 44, and 48 stop nearby

Regional Rail

  • Jefferson Station (4 blocks north)
  • Suburban Station (6 blocks west)

Parking

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Limited parking is available in the Independence Mall area:

  • Independence Visitor Center Parking - Autopark at Independence Mall, 6th Street between Race and Arch
  • On-street metered parking - Very limited, 2-hour maximum
  • Private garages - Several within walking distance

Public transit is strongly recommended. The area is highly walkable from Center City hotels.

Independence Visitor Center

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Stop at the Independence Visitor Center (6th and Market Streets) before visiting the Liberty Bell to:

  • Pick up free timed-entry tickets if required
  • Get maps and information about Independence National Historical Park
  • Watch the orientation film about Independence Hall
  • Use restrooms and purchase refreshments

The Visitor Center is open daily from 8:30 AM to 6:00 PM (extended hours in summer).

Nearby Attractions

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The Liberty Bell is located within Independence National Historical Park, which includes several other significant sites within walking distance:

  • Independence Hall - Where the Declaration of Independence and Constitution were signed (directly across the street)
  • Congress Hall - Where Congress met from 1790-1800
  • Old City Hall - Home of the Supreme Court 1791-1800
  • Carpenters' Hall - Site of the First Continental Congress
  • Benjamin Franklin's Grave - Christ Church Burial Ground (2 blocks)
  • Betsy Ross House - Historic home (4 blocks)
  • National Constitution Center - Interactive museum (3 blocks)
  • Museum of the American Revolution - Revolutionary War history (2 blocks)

We recommend allowing at least half a day to explore the Independence Mall area.

Tips for Visiting

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Best Times to Visit

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  • Weekday mornings - Shortest lines, typically
  • Off-season (January-February) - Fewer crowds
  • Early morning - Lines are shortest right when doors open

Avoiding Crowds

[edit | edit source]
  • Reserve timed-entry tickets online in advance during peak season
  • Arrive at opening time
  • Visit on weekdays rather than weekends
  • Avoid holiday weekends and summer peak season if possible

Accessibility

[edit | edit source]

The Liberty Bell Center is fully accessible:

  • Wheelchair accessible entrance and viewing areas
  • ASL interpretation available with advance notice
  • Audio description available
  • Large-print materials available

Common Questions

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Can you touch the Liberty Bell?

[edit | edit source]

No. Touching the Liberty Bell is not permitted. The bell is protected by barriers, though visitors can get very close to view it.

Why did the bell crack?

[edit | edit source]

The bell cracked due to metal fatigue, likely caused by repeated striking over many years. The composition of the bell (particularly the high copper content) made it prone to cracking. The famous large crack appeared in 1846 when the bell was rung for Washington's Birthday celebration.

Does the bell still ring?

[edit | edit source]

The bell is no longer rung due to the crack, which could worsen if the bell vibrated. However, the bell is occasionally tapped gently for ceremonial purposes, such as on Independence Day.

Is the Liberty Bell the original?

[edit | edit source]

The current Liberty Bell is technically the second version. The original bell from London cracked on first testing in 1753. Local metalworkers John Pass and John Stow recast the bell, and that recast version is what we see today.

See Also

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References

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  1. ↑ "The Liberty Bell". National Park Service. Retrieved December 22, 2025
  2. ↑ "The Liberty Bell". Independence Hall Association. Retrieved December 22, 2025
  3. ↑ "Operating Hours & Seasons". National Park Service. Retrieved December 22, 2025
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